PHP 支持可变函数的概念。这意味着如果一个变量名后有圆括号,PHP 将寻找与变量的值同名的函数,并且尝试执行它。可变函数可以用来实现包括回调函数,函数表在内的一些用途。
可变函数不能用于例如 echo,print,unset(),isset(),empty(),include,require 以及类似的语言结构。需要使用自己的包装函数来将这些结构用作可变函数。
Example #1 可变函数示例
<?php
function foo() {
echo "In foo()<br />\n";
}
function bar($arg = '') {
echo "In bar(); argument was '$arg'.<br />\n";
}
// 使用 echo 的包装函数
function echoit($string)
{
echo $string;
}
$func = 'foo';
$func(); // This calls foo()
$func = 'bar';
$func('test'); // This calls bar()
$func = 'echoit';
$func('test'); // This calls echoit()
?>
也可以用可变函数的语法来调用一个对象的方法。
Example #2 可变方法范例
<?php
class Foo
{
function Variable()
{
$name = 'Bar';
$this->$name(); // This calls the Bar() method
}
function Bar()
{
echo "This is Bar";
}
}
$foo = new Foo();
$funcname = "Variable";
$foo->$funcname(); // This calls $foo->Variable()
?>
当调用静态方法时,函数调用要比静态属性优先:
Example #3 Variable 方法和静态属性示例
<?php
class Foo
{
static $variable = 'static property';
static function Variable()
{
echo 'Method Variable called';
}
}
echo Foo::$variable; // This prints 'static property'. It does need a $variable in this scope.
$variable = "Variable";
Foo::$variable(); // This calls $foo->Variable() reading $variable in this scope.
?>
As of PHP 5.4.0, you can call any callable stored in a variable.
Example #4 Complex callables
<?php
class Foo
{
static function bar()
{
echo "bar\n";
}
function baz()
{
echo "baz\n";
}
}
$func = array("Foo", "bar");
$func(); // prints "bar"
$func = array(new Foo, "baz");
$func(); // prints "baz"
$func = "Foo::bar";
$func(); // prints "bar" as of PHP 7.0.0; prior, it raised a fatal error
?>
参见 is_callable(),call_user_func(),可变变量和 function_exists()。
版本 | 说明 |
---|---|
7.0.0 | 'ClassName::methodName' is allowed as variable function. |
5.4.0 | Arrays, which are valid callables, are allowed as variable functions. |