Set

Set 对象允许你存储任何类型的唯一值,无论是原始值或者是对象引用。

语法

new Set([iterable]);

参数

iterable
如果传递一个 可迭代对象,它的所有元素将不重复地被添加到新的  Set中。如果不指定此参数或其值为 null,则新的  Set为空。

返回值

一个新的Set对象。

简述

Set对象是值的集合,你可以按照插入的顺序迭代它的元素。 Set中的元素只会出现一次,即 Set 中的元素是唯一的。

值的相等

因为 Set 中的值总是唯一的,所以需要判断两个值是否相等。在ECMAScript规范的早期版本中,这不是基于和===操作符中使用的算法相同的算法。具体来说,对于 Set s, +0 (+0 严格相等于-0)和-0是不同的值。然而,在 ECMAScript 2015规范中这点已被更改。有关详细信息,请参阅浏览器兼容性 表中的“value equality for -0 and 0”。

另外,NaNundefined都可以被存储在Set 中, NaN之间被视为相同的值(尽管 NaN !== NaN)。

属性

Set.size
size属性的默认值为0。
get Set[@@species]
构造函数用来创建派生对象.
Set.prototype
表示 Set构造器的原型,允许向所有 Set对象添加新的属性。

Set实例

所有Set实例继承自 Set.prototype

属性

Set.prototype.constructor
返回实例的构造函数。默认情况下是 Set
Set.prototype.size
返回 Set对象的值的个数。

方法

Set.prototype.add(value)
Set对象尾部添加一个元素。返回 Set对象。
Set.prototype.clear()
移除 Set对象内的所有元素。
Set.prototype.delete(value)
移除Set的中与这个值相等的元素,返回Set.prototype.has(value)在这个操作前会返回的值(即如果该元素存在,返回true,否则返回false)。 Set.prototype.has(value)在此后会返回false。
Set.prototype.entries()
返回一个新的迭代器对象,该对象包含Set对象中的 按插入顺序排列的 所有元素的值的[value, value]数组。为了使这个方法Map对象保持相似, 每个值的键和值相等。
Set.prototype.forEach(callbackFn[, thisArg])
按照插入顺序,为Set对象中的每一个值调用一次callBackFn。如果提供了 thisArg参数,回调中的this会是这个参数。
Set.prototype.has(value)
返回一个布尔值,表示该值在 Set中存在与否。
Set.prototype.keys()
values() 方法相同,返回一个新的迭代器对象,该对象包含Set对象中的 按插入顺序排列的 所有元素的值。
Set.prototype.values()
返回一个新的迭代器对象,该对象包含Set对象中的 按插入顺序排列的 所有元素的值。
Set.prototype[@@iterator]()
返回一个新的迭代器对象,该对象包含Set对象中的 按插入顺序排列的 所有元素的值。

示例

使用Set对象

let mySet = new Set();

mySet.add(1); // Set(1) {1}
mySet.add(5); // Set(2) {1, 5}
mySet.add(5); // Set { 1, 5 }
mySet.add("some text"); // Set(3) {1, 5, "some text"}
var o = {a: 1, b: 2};
mySet.add(o);

mySet.add({a: 1, b: 2}); // o 指向的是不同的对象,所以没问题

mySet.has(1); // true
mySet.has(3); // false
mySet.has(5);              // true
mySet.has(Math.sqrt(25));  // true
mySet.has("Some Text".toLowerCase()); // true
mySet.has(o); // true

mySet.size; // 5

mySet.delete(5);  // true,  从set中移除5
mySet.has(5);     // false, 5已经被移除

mySet.size; // 4, 刚刚移除一个值
console.log(mySet); // Set {1, "some text", Object {a: 1, b: 2}, Object {a: 1, b: 2}}

迭代Set

// 迭代整个set
// 按顺序输出:1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2}
for (let item of mySet) console.log(item);

// 按顺序输出:1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2} 
for (let item of mySet.keys()) console.log(item);
 
// 按顺序输出:1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2} 
for (let item of mySet.values()) console.log(item);

// 按顺序输出:1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2} 
//(键与值相等)
for (let [key, value] of mySet.entries()) console.log(key);

// 使用 Array.from 转换Set为Array 
var myArr = Array.from(mySet); // [1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2}]

// 如果在HTML文档中工作,也可以:
mySet.add(document.body);
mySet.has(document.querySelector("body")); // true

// Set 和 Array互换
mySet2 = new Set([1,2,3,4]);
mySet2.size; // 4
[...mySet2]; // [1,2,3,4]

// 可以通过如下代码模拟求交集 
var intersection = new Set([...set1].filter(x => set2.has(x)));

// 可以通过如下代码模拟求差集
var difference = new Set([...set1].filter(x => !set2.has(x)));

// 用forEach迭代
mySet.forEach(function(value) {
  console.log(value);
});

// 1
// 2
// 3
// 4

实现基本集合操作

function isSuperset(set, subset) {
    for (var elem of subset) {
        if (!set.has(elem)) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

function union(setA, setB) {
    var _union = new Set(setA);
    for (var elem of setB) {
        _union.add(elem);
    }
    return _union;
}

function intersection(setA, setB) {
    var _intersection = new Set();
    for (var elem of setB) {
        if (setA.has(elem)) {
            _intersection.add(elem);
        }
    }
    return _intersection;
}

function symmetricDifference(setA, setB) {
    var _difference = new Set(setA);
    for (var elem of setB) {
        if (_difference.has(elem)) {
            _difference.delete(elem);
        } else {
            _difference.add(elem);
        }
    }
    return _difference;
}

function difference(setA, setB) {
    var _difference = new Set(setA);
    for (var elem of setB) {
        _difference.delete(elem);
    }
    return _difference;
}

//Examples
var setA = new Set([1, 2, 3, 4]),
    setB = new Set([2, 3]),
    setC = new Set([3, 4, 5, 6]);

isSuperset(setA, setB); // => true
union(setA, setC); // => Set [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
intersection(setA, setC); // => Set [3, 4]
symmetricDifference(setA, setC); // => Set [1, 2, 5, 6]
difference(setA, setC); // => Set [1, 2]

 Array 相关

var myArray = ["value1", "value2", "value3"];

// 用Set构造器将Array转换为Set
var mySet = new Set(myArray);

mySet.has("value1"); // returns true

// 用...(展开操作符)操作符将Set转换为Array
console.log([...mySet]); // 与myArray完全一致

String 相关

var text = 'India';

var mySet = new Set(text);  // Set {'I', 'n', 'd', 'i', 'a'}
mySet.size;  // 5

数组去重

// Use to remove duplicate elements from the array 
const numbers = [2,3,4,4,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,5,32,3,4,5]
console.log([...new Set(numbers)]) 
// [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 32]

规范

规范 状态 备注
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)
Set
Standard 初始定义
ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)
Set
Draft

浏览器兼容

Update compatibility data on GitHub
Desktop Mobile Server
Chrome Edge Firefox Internet Explorer Opera Safari Android webview Chrome for Android Firefox for Android Opera for Android Safari on iOS Samsung Internet Node.js
Set Chrome Full support 38 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 13 IE Full support 11 Opera Full support 25 Safari Full support 8 WebView Android Full support 38 Chrome Android Full support 38 Firefox Android Full support 14 Opera Android Full support 25 Safari iOS Full support 8 Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 nodejs Full support 0.12
Full support 0.12
Full support 0.10
Disabled
Disabled From version 0.10: this feature is behind the --harmony runtime flag.
add Chrome Full support 38 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 13 IE Partial support 11
Notes
Partial support 11
Notes
Notes Returns 'undefined' instead of the 'Set' object.
Opera Full support 25 Safari Full support 8 WebView Android Full support 38 Chrome Android Full support 38 Firefox Android Full support 14 Opera Android Full support 25 Safari iOS Full support 8 Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 nodejs Full support Yes
clear Chrome Full support 38 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 19 IE Full support 11 Opera Full support 25 Safari Full support 8 WebView Android Full support 38 Chrome Android Full support 38 Firefox Android Full support 19 Opera Android Full support 25 Safari iOS Full support 8 Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 nodejs Full support 0.12
delete Chrome Full support 38 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 13 IE Full support 11 Opera Full support 25 Safari Full support 8 WebView Android Full support 38 Chrome Android Full support 38 Firefox Android Full support 14 Opera Android Full support 25 Safari iOS Full support 8 Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 nodejs Full support 0.12
Full support 0.12
Full support 0.10
Disabled
Disabled From version 0.10: this feature is behind the --harmony runtime flag.
entries Chrome Full support 38 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 24 IE No support No Opera Full support 25 Safari Full support 8 WebView Android Full support 38 Chrome Android Full support 38 Firefox Android Full support 24 Opera Android Full support 25 Safari iOS Full support 8 Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 nodejs Full support 0.12
forEach Chrome Full support 38 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 25 IE Full support 11 Opera Full support 25 Safari Full support 8 WebView Android Full support 38 Chrome Android Full support 38 Firefox Android Full support 25 Opera Android Full support 25 Safari iOS Full support 8 Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 nodejs Full support 0.12
has Chrome Full support 38 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 13 IE Full support 11 Opera Full support 25 Safari Full support 8 WebView Android Full support 38 Chrome Android Full support 38 Firefox Android Full support 14 Opera Android Full support 25 Safari iOS Full support 8 Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 nodejs Full support Yes
Key equality for -0 and 0 Chrome Full support 38 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 29 IE No support No Opera Full support 25 Safari Full support 9 WebView Android Full support 38 Chrome Android Full support 38 Firefox Android Full support 29 Opera Android Full support 25 Safari iOS Full support 9 Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 nodejs Full support 4.0.0
prototype Chrome Full support 38 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 13 IE Full support 11 Opera Full support 25 Safari Full support 8 WebView Android Full support 38 Chrome Android Full support 38 Firefox Android Full support 14 Opera Android Full support 25 Safari iOS Full support 8 Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 nodejs Full support Yes
new Set(iterable) Chrome Full support 38 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 13 IE No support No Opera Full support 25 Safari Full support 9 WebView Android Full support 38 Chrome Android Full support 38 Firefox Android Full support 14 Opera Android Full support 25 Safari iOS Full support 9 Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 nodejs Full support 0.12
new Set(null) Chrome Full support 38 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 37 IE Full support 11 Opera Full support 25 Safari Full support 9 WebView Android Full support 38 Chrome Android Full support 38 Firefox Android Full support 37 Opera Android Full support 25 Safari iOS Full support 9 Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 nodejs Full support 0.12
Full support 0.12
Full support 0.10
Disabled
Disabled From version 0.10: this feature is behind the --harmony runtime flag.
Set() without new throws Chrome Full support 38 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 42 IE Full support 11 Opera Full support 25 Safari Full support 9 WebView Android Full support 38 Chrome Android Full support 38 Firefox Android Full support 42 Opera Android Full support 25 Safari iOS Full support 9 Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 nodejs Full support 0.12
size Chrome Full support 38 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 19
Notes
Full support 19
Notes
Notes From Firefox 13 to Firefox 18, the size property was implemented as a Set.prototype.size() method, this has been changed to a property in later versions conform to the ECMAScript 2015 specification.
IE Full support 11 Opera Full support 25 Safari Full support 8 WebView Android Full support 38 Chrome Android Full support 38 Firefox Android Full support 19
Notes
Full support 19
Notes
Notes From Firefox 13 to Firefox 18, the size property was implemented as a Set.prototype.size() method, this has been changed to a property in later versions conform to the ECMAScript 2015 specification.
Opera Android Full support 25 Safari iOS Full support 8 Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 nodejs Full support 0.12
values Chrome Full support 38 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 24 IE No support No Opera Full support 25 Safari Full support 8 WebView Android Full support 38 Chrome Android Full support 38 Firefox Android Full support 24 Opera Android Full support 25 Safari iOS Full support 8 Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 nodejs Full support 0.12
@@iterator Chrome Full support 43 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 36
Full support 36
No support 27 — 36
Notes Alternate Name
Notes A placeholder property named @@iterator is used.
Alternate Name Uses the non-standard name: @@iterator
No support 17 — 27
Notes Alternate Name
Notes A placeholder property named iterator is used.
Alternate Name Uses the non-standard name: iterator
IE No support No Opera Full support 30 Safari Full support Yes WebView Android Full support 43 Chrome Android Full support 43 Firefox Android Full support 36
Full support 36
No support 27 — 36
Notes Alternate Name
Notes A placeholder property named @@iterator is used.
Alternate Name Uses the non-standard name: @@iterator
No support 17 — 27
Notes Alternate Name
Notes A placeholder property named iterator is used.
Alternate Name Uses the non-standard name: iterator
Opera Android Full support 30 Safari iOS Full support Yes Samsung Internet Android Full support 4.0 nodejs Full support 0.12
@@species Chrome Full support 51 Edge Full support 13 Firefox Full support 41 IE No support No Opera Full support 38 Safari Full support 10 WebView Android Full support 51 Chrome Android Full support 51 Firefox Android Full support 41 Opera Android Full support 41 Safari iOS Full support 10 Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 nodejs Full support 6.5.0
Full support 6.5.0
Full support 6.0.0
Disabled
Disabled From version 6.0.0: this feature is behind the --harmony runtime flag.

Legend

Full support  
Full support
Partial support  
Partial support
No support  
No support
See implementation notes.
See implementation notes.
User must explicitly enable this feature.
User must explicitly enable this feature.
Uses a non-standard name.
Uses a non-standard name.

参见