WeakMap
对象是一组键/值对的集合,其中的键是弱引用的。其键必须是对象,而值可以是任意的。
你可以从这里了解更多关于WeakMap
的内容:带键的集合.
语法
new WeakMap([iterable])
参数
-
iterable
- Iterable 是一个数组(二元数组)或者其他可迭代的且其元素是键值对的对象。每个键值对会被加到新的 WeakMap 里。null 会被当做 undefined。
描述
WeakMap 的 key 只能是 Object
类型。 原始数据类型 是不能作为 key 的(比如 Symbol
)。
Why WeakMap?
在 JavaScript 里,map API 可以通过使其四个 API 方法共用两个数组(一个存放键,一个存放值)来实现。给这种 map 设置值时会同时将键和值添加到这两个数组的末尾。从而使得键和值的索引在两个数组中相对应。当从该 map 取值的时候,需要遍历所有的键,然后使用索引从存储值的数组中检索出相应的值。
但这样的实现会有两个很大的缺点,首先赋值和搜索操作都是 O(n) 的时间复杂度( n 是键值对的个数),因为这两个操作都需要遍历全部整个数组来进行匹配。另外一个缺点是可能会导致内存泄漏,因为数组会一直引用着每个键和值。这种引用使得垃圾回收算法不能回收处理他们,即使没有其他任何引用存在了。
相比之下,原生的 WeakMap 持有的是每个键或值对象的“弱引用”,这意味着在没有其他引用存在时垃圾回收能正确进行。原生 WeakMap 的结构是特殊且有效的,其用于映射的 key 只有在其没有被回收时才是有效的。
正由于这样的弱引用,WeakMap
的 key 是不可枚举的 (没有方法能给出所有的 key)。如果key 是可枚举的话,其列表将会受垃圾回收机制的影响,从而得到不确定的结果。因此,如果你想要这种类型对象的 key 值的列表,你应该使用 Map
。
属性
-
WeakMap.length
-
length
属性的值为 0。 -
WeakMap.prototype
-
WeakMap
构造器的原型。 允许添加属性到所有的 WeakMap 对象。
WeakMap
实例
所有 WeakMap
实例继承自 WeakMap.prototype
.
属性
-
WeakMap.prototype.constructor
-
返回创建WeakMap实例的原型函数。
WeakMap
函数是默认的。
方法
-
WeakMap.prototype.delete(key)
-
移除key的关联对象。执行后
WeakMap.prototype.has(key)返回
false。
-
WeakMap.prototype.get(key)
-
返回
key关联对象
, 或者undefined
(没有key关联对象时)。 -
WeakMap.prototype.has(key)
- 根据是否有key关联对象返回一个Boolean值。
-
WeakMap.prototype.set(key, value)
-
在WeakMap中设置一组key关联对象,返回这个
WeakMap
对象。 -
-
从WeakMap中移除所有的
key/value 。 注意,该方法已弃用,但可以通过创建一个空的WeakMap并替换原对象来实现 (参看WeakMap
的后半部分)
示例
使用 WeakMap
var wm1 = new WeakMap(), wm2 = new WeakMap(), wm3 = new WeakMap(); var o1 = {}, o2 = function(){}, o3 = window; wm1.set(o1, 37); wm1.set(o2, "azerty"); wm2.set(o1, o2); // value可以是任意值,包括一个对象 wm2.set(o3, undefined); wm2.set(wm1, wm2); // 键和值可以是任意对象,甚至另外一个WeakMap对象 wm1.get(o2); // "azerty" wm2.get(o2); // undefined,wm2中没有o2这个键 wm2.get(o3); // undefined,值就是undefined wm1.has(o2); // true wm2.has(o2); // false wm2.has(o3); // true (即使值是undefined) wm3.set(o1, 37); wm3.get(o1); // 37 wm3.clear(); wm3.get(o1); // undefined,wm3已被清空 wm1.has(o1); // true wm1.delete(o1); wm1.has(o1); // false
用 .clear() 方法实现伪 WeakMap
为了更好的说明,下面使用了 ECMAScript6 新增的 class
构造函数,其目前没有广泛实现。
class ClearableWeakMap { constructor(init) { this._wm = new WeakMap(init) } clear() { this._wm = new WeakMap() } delete(k) { return this._wm.delete(k) } get(k) { return this._wm.get(k) } has(k) { return this._wm.has(k) } set(k, v) { this._wm.set(k, v) return this } }
规范
Specification | Status | Comment |
---|---|---|
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262) WeakMap |
Standard | Initial definition. |
ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262) WeakMap |
Draft |
浏览器兼容性
The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data and send us a pull request.
Desktop | Mobile | Server | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WeakMap |
Chrome Full support 36 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 6 | IE Full support 11 | Opera Full support 23 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 37 | Chrome Android Full support 36 | Firefox Android Full support 6 | Opera Android Full support 24 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12
|
clear
|
Chrome No support 36 — 43 | Edge No support No | Firefox No support 20 — 46 | IE Full support 11 | Opera No support 25 — 30 | Safari No support 8 — 9 | WebView Android No support 37 — 43 | Chrome Android No support 36 — 43 | Firefox Android No support 20 — 46 | Opera Android No support 25 — 30 | Safari iOS No support 8 — 9 | Samsung Internet Android No support 3.0 — 4.0 | nodejs Full support Yes |
delete |
Chrome Full support 36 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 6
|
IE Full support 11 | Opera Full support 23 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 37 | Chrome Android Full support 36 | Firefox Android Full support 6
|
Opera Android Full support 24 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12
|
get |
Chrome Full support 36 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 6
|
IE Full support 11 | Opera Full support 23 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 37 | Chrome Android Full support 36 | Firefox Android Full support 6
|
Opera Android Full support 24 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12
|
has |
Chrome Full support 36 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 6
|
IE Full support 11 | Opera Full support 23 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 37 | Chrome Android Full support 36 | Firefox Android Full support 6
|
Opera Android Full support 24 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12
|
prototype |
Chrome Full support 36 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 6 | IE Full support 11 | Opera Full support 23 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 37 | Chrome Android Full support 36 | Firefox Android Full support 6 | Opera Android Full support 24 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12
|
set |
Chrome Full support 36 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 6
|
IE Partial support 11
|
Opera Full support 23 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 37 | Chrome Android Full support 36 | Firefox Android Full support 6
|
Opera Android Full support 24 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12
|
new WeakMap(iterable) |
Chrome Full support 38 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 36 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 25 | Safari Full support 9 | WebView Android Full support 38 | Chrome Android Full support 38 | Firefox Android Full support 36 | Opera Android Full support 25 | Safari iOS Full support 9 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12 |
new WeakMap(null) |
Chrome Full support 36 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 37 | IE Full support 11 | Opera Full support 23 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 37 | Chrome Android Full support 36 | Firefox Android Full support 37 | Opera Android Full support 24 | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12
|
WeakMap() without new throws |
Chrome Full support 36 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 42 | IE Full support 11 | Opera Full support 23 | Safari Full support 9 | WebView Android Full support 37 | Chrome Android Full support 36 | Firefox Android Full support 42 | Opera Android Full support 24 | Safari iOS Full support 9 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12 |
Legend
- Full support
- Full support
- Partial support
- Partial support
- No support
- No support
- Non-standard. Expect poor cross-browser support.
- Non-standard. Expect poor cross-browser support.
- Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.
- Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.
- See implementation notes.
- See implementation notes.
- User must explicitly enable this feature.
- User must explicitly enable this feature.