方法的定义

从ECMAScript 2015开始,在对象初始器中引入了一种更简短定义方法的语法,这是一种把方法名直接赋给函数的简写方式。

语法

var obj = {
  property( parameters… ) {},
  *generator( parameters… ) {},
  async property( parameters… ) {},
  async* generator( parameters… ) {},

  // with computed keys:
  [property]( parameters… ) {},
  *[generator]( parameters… ) {},
  async [property]( parameters… ) {},

  // compare getter/setter syntax:
  get property() {},
  set property(value) {}
};

描述

该简写语法与ECMAScript 2015的gettersetter语法类似。

如下代码:

var obj = {
  foo: function() {
    /* code */
  },
  bar: function() {
    /* code */
  }
};

现可被简写为:

var obj = {
  foo() {
    /* code */
  },
  bar() {
    /* code */
  }
};

注意:简写语法使用命名函数而不是匿名函数(如…foo: function() {}…)。命名函数可以从函数体调用(这对匿名函数是不可能的,因为没有标识符可以引用)。详细信息,请参阅function

生成器方法

生成器方法也可以用这种简写语法定义。使用它们时,

  • 简写语法中的星号(*)必须出现在生成器名前,也就是说* g(){}可以正常工作,而g *(){}不行。
  • 非生成器方法定义可能不包含yield关键字。这意味着SyntaxError。始终使用yield与星号(*)结合使用。

// 用有属性名的语法定义方法(ES6之前):
var obj2 = {
  g: function*() {
    var index = 0;
    while(true)
      yield index++;
  }
};

// 同一个方法,简写语法:
var obj2 = { 
  * g() {
    var index = 0;
    while(true)
      yield index++;
  }
};

var it = obj2.g();
console.log(it.next().value); // 0
console.log(it.next().value); // 1

Async 方法

Async 方法也可以使用简写语法来定义。

// 用有属性名的语法定义方法(ES6之前):
var obj3 = {
  f: async function () {
    await some_promise;
  }
};

// 同一个方法,简写语法:
var obj3 = { 
  async f() {
    await some_promise;
  }
};

Async 生成器方法

生成器方法也能成为 async.

var obj4 = {
  f: async function* () {
    yield 1;
    yield 2;
    yield 3;
  }
};

// The same object using shorthand syntax
var obj4 = {
  async* f() {
   yield 1;
   yield 2;
   yield 3;
  }
};

方法定义不是构造函数

所有方法定义不是构造函数,如果您尝试实例化它们,将抛出TypeError

var obj = { 
  method() {}
};
new obj.method; // TypeError: obj.method is not a constructor

var obj = { 
  * g() {} 
};
new obj.g; // TypeError: obj.g is not a constructor (changed in ES2016)

示例

简单示例

var obj = {
  a : "foo",
  b(){ return this.a; }
};
console.log(obj.b()); // "foo"

计算的属性名

该简写语法还支持计算的属性名称作为方法名。

var bar = {
  foo0: function() { return 0; },
  foo1() { return 1; },
  ['foo' + 2]() { return 2; }
};

console.log(bar.foo0()); // 0
console.log(bar.foo1()); // 1
console.log(bar.foo2()); // 2

规范

Specification Status Comment
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)
Method definitions
Standard Initial definition.
ECMAScript 2016 (ECMA-262)
Method definitions
Standard Changed that generator methods should also not have a [[Construct]] trap and will throw when used with new.
ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)
Method definitions
Draft

浏览器兼容

Update compatibility data on GitHub
Desktop Mobile Server
Chrome Edge Firefox Internet Explorer Opera Safari Android webview Chrome for Android Firefox for Android Opera for Android Safari on iOS Samsung Internet Node.js
Method definitions Chrome Full support 39 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 34 IE No support No Opera Full support 26 Safari Full support 9 WebView Android Full support 39 Chrome Android Full support 39 Firefox Android Full support 34 Opera Android Full support 26 Safari iOS Full support 9 Samsung Internet Android Full support 4.0 nodejs Full support Yes
Async generator methods Chrome Full support 63 Edge No support No Firefox Full support 55 IE No support No Opera Full support 50 Safari No support No WebView Android Full support 63 Chrome Android Full support 63 Firefox Android Full support 55 Opera Android Full support 46 Safari iOS No support No Samsung Internet Android Full support 8.0 nodejs Full support 10.0.0
Full support 10.0.0
Full support 8.10.0
Disabled
Disabled From version 8.10.0: this feature is behind the --harmony runtime flag.
Async methods Chrome Full support 55 Edge Full support 15 Firefox Full support 52 IE No support No Opera Full support 42 Safari No support No WebView Android Full support 55 Chrome Android Full support 55 Firefox Android Full support 52 Opera Android Full support 42 Safari iOS No support No Samsung Internet Android Full support 6.0 nodejs Full support 7.6.0
Full support 7.6.0
Full support 7.0.0
Disabled
Disabled From version 7.0.0: this feature is behind the --harmony runtime flag.
Generator methods are not constructable (ES2016) Chrome Full support 42 Edge Full support 13 Firefox Full support 43 IE No support No Opera Full support 29 Safari No support No WebView Android Full support 42 Chrome Android Full support 42 Firefox Android Full support 43 Opera Android Full support 29 Safari iOS No support No Samsung Internet Android Full support 4.0 nodejs ?

Legend

Full support  
Full support
No support  
No support
Compatibility unknown  
Compatibility unknown
User must explicitly enable this feature.
User must explicitly enable this feature.

参见