class

class 声明创建一个基于原型继承的具有给定名称的新类。

你也可以使用类表达式定义类。但是不同于类表达式,类声明不允许再次声明已经存在的类,否则将会抛出一个类型错误。

语法

class name [extends] {
  // class body
}

描述

和类表达式一样,类声明体在严格模式下运行。构造函数是可选的。

类声明不可以提升(这与函数声明不同)。

示例

声明一个类

在下面的例子中,我们首先定义一个名为Polygon的类,然后继承它来创建一个名为Square的类。注意,构造函数中使用的 super() 只能在构造函数中使用,并且必须在使用 this 关键字前调用。

class Polygon {
  constructor(height, width) {
    this.name = 'Polygon';
    this.height = height;
    this.width = width;
  }
}

class Square extends Polygon {
  constructor(length) {
    super(length, length);
    this.name = 'Square';
  }
}

重复定义类

重复声明一个类会引起类型错误。

class Foo {};
class Foo {}; 
// Uncaught TypeError: Identifier 'Foo' has already been declared

若之前使用类表达式定义了一个类,则再次声明这个类同样会引起类型错误。

let Foo = class {};
class Foo {}; 
// Uncaught TypeError: Identifier 'Foo' has already been declared

规范

Specification Status Comment
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)
Class definitions
Standard Initial definition.
ECMAScript 2016 (ECMA-262)
Class definitions
Standard  
ECMAScript 2017 (ECMA-262)
Class definitions
Standard  
ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)
Class definitions
Draft  

浏览器兼容

Update compatibility data on GitHub
Desktop Mobile Server
Chrome Edge Firefox Internet Explorer Opera Safari Android webview Chrome for Android Firefox for Android Opera for Android Safari on iOS Samsung Internet Node.js
class Chrome Full support 49
Notes
Full support 49
Notes
Notes From Chrome 42 to 48 strict mode is required. Non-strict mode support can be enabled using the flag "Enable Experimental JavaScript".
Edge Full support 13 Firefox Full support 45 IE No support No Opera Full support 36 Safari Full support 10.1 WebView Android Full support 49
Notes
Full support 49
Notes
Notes From Chrome 42 to 48 strict mode is required. Non-strict mode support can be enabled using the flag "Enable Experimental JavaScript".
Chrome Android Full support 49
Notes
Full support 49
Notes
Notes From Chrome 42 to 48 strict mode is required. Non-strict mode support can be enabled using the flag "Enable Experimental JavaScript".
Firefox Android Full support 45 Opera Android ? Safari iOS Full support 10.3 Samsung Internet Android Full support 4.0
Notes
Full support 4.0
Notes
Notes From Chrome 42 to 48 strict mode is required. Non-strict mode support can be enabled using the flag "Enable Experimental JavaScript".
nodejs Full support 6.0.0

Legend

Full support  
Full support
No support  
No support
Compatibility unknown  
Compatibility unknown
See implementation notes.
See implementation notes.

See also